Fertility Rates And Birthrates Differ On Social And...

Fertility rates and birthrates differ depending on social and demographic characteristics, such as age, race and ethnicity, income, and marital status. Between 2009 and 2010, there were decreased for all age groups under 40. Also, fertility rates differ by education and income. In 2008, women with the highest level of education had the highest fertility rate, college graduates had the next highest rate, followed by women with high school educations. The issues considered regarding having a child is weather or not women fertile. In the United States, 6% of women ages 15 to 44 are infertile. Aside from being infertile some women face difficultly conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term. It includes those who had some physical impairment†¦show more content†¦This gives couples a chance to complete an education, build careers, and establish their own relationship. Delaying parenthood until one feels secure and emotionally mature makes sense for some couples. The health risks facing teens are anemia, pregnancy-related hypertension, preeclampsia, and low birth weight babies. On the other hand, the health risks facing older mothers are pregnancy-related hypertension, fetal mortality, miscarriage, and cesarean-section deliveries. Their offspring are also at somewhat greater risk of birth defects. A woman’s body changes in several different ways biologically. Their respiratory rate rises to compensate for the demands of the uterus, placenta, and the fetus. The entire cardiovascular system changes and is readjusted. The gastrointestinal system also changes and women experience constipation, acid reflux, and heartburn. Their breast become larger and more tender and nipples tend to stick out more. The endocrine system also changes as hormones are being readjusted throughout the entire body system. Their abdomen begins to expand and ache. The urinary system also changes as the expanding uterus is putting pressure on the urinary bladder. Lastly, the musculoskeletal system changes as there is a realignment of the spinal curvature to maintain balance. The emotional changes women experience during pregnancy are fatigue, morning sickness, moodiness, happiness, anxiety, and depression. However, different emotions are

Essay on Internet Privacy - Carnivore, and the Power Of...

Carnivore: The Power Of FBI Surveillance Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the privacy issues associated with governmental Internet surveillance, with a focus on the recently disclosed FBI tool known as Carnivore. It concludes that, while some system of surveillance is necessary, more mechanisms to prevent abuse of privacy must exist. Communication surveillance has been a controversial issue in the US since the 1920s, when the Supreme Court deemed unwarranted wiretaps legitimate in the case of Olmstead v United States. Since telephone wires ran over public grounds, and the property of Olmstead was not physically violated, the wiretap was upheld as lawful. However, the Supreme Court overturned this ruling†¦show more content†¦However, the same technology that empowers the general public also empowers criminals and terrorists. Is it worth it to compromise the privacy of the general public in order to monitor the behavior of a select few potential criminals? Thus far, the consensus has been no; every publicized effort by law enforcement to introduce general surveillance to the Internet has been met by loud public outcry. [Riley] The public simply will not permit law enforcement to do any form of monitoring that is not accompanied by probable cause and a search warrant. In July of 2000, the FBI announced Carnivore. The public reacted with visceral distrust, and within days, virtually everyone connected to a network and in the habit of reading forwards had heard of it. Polls from September 2000 list online privacy as at or near the top of consumer concerns [Riley]. The details of Carnivore were not announced immediately, so the facts were quickly shrouded in a mist of Orwellian sensationalism. Big Brother is reading your email, a fox news headline announced in summary. [Riley] Indeed, there was a good deal of justification for the general paranoia: the FBI had been using the product for over a year already without notifying the public. In the wake of all this controversy, it has become exceedingly difficult to obtain an objective account of what Carnivore actually is. Groups with an interest inShow MoreRelatedComputer Networking is Revolutionizing Our Society1956 Words   |  8 PagesThe Internet, a combination of technology, communication, and medi a, is a developing and unique medium in its infancy. Technology and tools of communication are still in the process of development as technology continues to advance. As a site of cultural, political, and ideological discussion, it has unquestionably contributed to a culture and lifestyle dependent on technology. The World Wide Web has reconfigured people’s perception of the world, allowing access to an extensive amount of information

Assisted Suicide Essay Example For Students

Assisted Suicide Essay Suicide As I researched suicide I found that the numbers are staggering. Suicide is the ninth leading cause of death in the US, with 31,204 deaths recorded in 1995. It was at number eight on the list in 1998, and as the numbers are steadily increasing it threatens to move up the list. This approximates to around one death every seventeen minutes. There are more suicides than homicides each year in the United States. In 1993, the suicide rate was 11.3/100,000. Two-thirds of all suicides under the age of 25 were committed with firearms (accounting for most of the increase in suicides from 1980 to 1992). The second most common method was hanging, third was poisoning. 61% of all suicides involve firearms. The main controversy over this issue, is the question of morality. Isit morally right for a doctor to assist in suicide? Many individuals feel thatit is not. It is thought if assisted suicide is legalized throughout the states,it will encourage families with terminally ill relatives to push themprematurely to their demise(Carter 2). This is an outlandish assumption. Afamily that truly loves one another would not urge a family member to rush anydecision as momentous as ending ones life. If there is caring among the family,the suicide would not take place until is was utterly necessary. Two other important moral questions also arise from this issue. First,do our mortal lives belong to us alone, are we sovereign over our bodies, or dothey belong to the communities of families in which we are embedded? Second,will this right give the terminally ill a greater sense of control over theircircumstances, or will it weaken respect for life?(Carter 2)The first question is ridiculous. It seems as though Carter is tryingto say we will no longer be in charge of ourselves, and we will be living in asocialistic society. There is no reason why we should not be able to controlthe destiny of our lives. We, as human beings, are solely sovereign over ourown bodies. Therefore, it is the terminally ill patient who should have theability to choose death over life. It is this person who is experiencing thepain and suffering of their disease, not a relative or close friend, much lessthe government. The legalization of doctor assisted suicide is no reason tochange anything with people who a re not terminally ill. The second question, on the other hand, has some validity and logic toit. Doctor assisted suicide would give the dying a certain sense of control. It would enable the patient to have a certain feeling of power, knowing that heor she has the ability to complete his or her life upon request. This may soundsomewhat awkward; however, it is quite possible that it would give the patientsa sense of well being. Furthermore, it gives them a chance to end their lives ontheir terms, instead of letting a disease determine their course in life. Asfor the second half of this question, it should in no way weaken the respect forlife. Losing respect for life is for the weak minded. If anything itstrengthens the patients respect; a person in the last stages of a terminalillness has endured some of the worst life has to offer. It takes away many ofhis capabilities to perform what would normally be commonplace activities; inshort it has overtaken his life and dignity. The ability to perform legalassisted suicide would help to replace some of the dignity which the illness hasextracted from a persons life. It would give the person the capability to endmatters on his own terms. John Proctor and John Hale - Good Person vs Good C EssayJohn Stuart Mill, one of the great philosophers of the nineteenthcentury, derived a theory which is an excellent example as an argument for thelegalization of doctor assisted suicide, or all moral crimes for that matter. This theory was deemed the Harm Principle: a person is wholly sovereign overhis body. It is

Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity

Communication and media are facing the need to say or do something different in a new way. This simplifies the efforts by communication channels to be unique in their presentations so that they can attract large audiences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New ideas, new topics of research and advanced students have made this area not only innovative but also controversial (Hartley 2011). This research sets the pace for other academic and extensive research on this topic. Danesi defines media as any productions, for instance, TV programs, radio shows, newspaper columns or advertisements (2009, p. 194). Producers use contemporary media texts to convey meaning to the audience. It is not certain, however, that the audience will receive this message as intended because the text could be misinterpreted or misunderstood. Contemporary media channels (for example TV) use communicative codes that need decoding (Hartley 2011, p. 3). TV communicators know that their message could not be decoded the same way by all their audiences. Therefore, research is vital to establish how the message sent can reach the target audience, and what to do to ensure proper decoding takes place. According to Hartley, textual (semiotics) and audience (sociological) analysis should be done to know how to use the media to reach a mass audience. What challenges do satirists face in their fight against political impunity? Satire is dramatic, literary, or visual art created to review folly or abuse. Even though it uses humor and wit, satire intends to shade light on the wrong deeds present in both the social and political circles. Parody, on the hand, is a stylist imitation serving to call attention to and ridicule original style (Boler Turpin 2008, p. 401). Irony is among the styles used in satire. In this case, a person says one thing but means a different thing. It brings out the shared cultural meanings in satire in order to create the jokes. There are stages where irony could be used, for instance, when issuing statements about news media, parody characters and performances at events.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this study, I will focus on satire as a tool for fighting political impunity, and the challenges that the satirists face. Many countries experience political issues in one way or the other. These issues range from bribery and corruption, nepotism, ethnic divisions, misappropriation of public funds, racial discrimination e.t.c. When a producer creates a comedy show, their intention is always to entertain as well as educate the audiences. Satirists have also used music to pass across their messages by composing songs that rebuke corruption in the government. Negus states that we corporate machines should not attempt to control creativity in the popular music just to satisfy their greed (McIntyre 2011). Both musicians and satirists should be left to express themselves through their talents. According to Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert, comedy shows are not news since they do not have partisan agendas, they just entertain their audiences. The Daily Show is a late night comedy show in the United States and Canada. According to Boler and Turpin (p. 391), since real news shows do not confirm political claims against reality, fake news shows have taken over the role of revealing that many politicians tell lies. McClennen (2011, p. 13) describes Colbert’s parody as Bill O’Reilley at White house dinner, where he gave a satirical speech as the most aggressive public confrontation of President Bush during his tenure in office. In his speech, Colbert revealed all the scandals in the government thereby exposing what the main stream media had failed to expose. This act made Colbert a legend. Can a comedy show like The Daily Show be held accountable to journalistic standards and integrity? This is the question that lingers in people’s minds. According to Joe Stewart, comedy shows cannot be held accountable to journalistic standards since they engage in theater instead of engaging in critical journalism. He insists that news organizations should not look to comedy for â€Å"cues on integrity† (Boler Turpin 2008, p. 395). There has been a general public dissatisfaction with the main stream media personnel who concealing political vices in governments. The audience has thus lost trust in the main stream media and has now resorted to support satirists who expose the real issues in governments. Popular comedy hosts have been outstanding and recommended for their courage to say the truth and confront political issues without fear or favour. An exchange between Stewart and Moyer in 2003 focused on journalism and satire in a contradictory way. M oyers questioned whether, Stewart practiced an old form of satire or the form of journalism. In his response, Stewart states that this issue could be determined by whether Moyers was speaking about news or comedy adding that we are living in the new form of desperation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the advents in media, people have been able to display their talents through social sites like YouTube. Satirists all over the world are creating satirical shows using the available digital equipment and posting them on YouTube for people to see. Because of this, artists now have lucrative deals by leading companies who nurtured their talents and made them stars. Political satirists, like Chris Rock have also posted their work on social sites to increase public awareness on political issues. Through the mass media like TV, Radio and the Internet, many people have come to know about scandals that they never knew. Many people have also learnt about their political systems through satirical shows. Peterson says that most Americans get to know their politicians through satirical shows (2008, p. 21). The description of these politicians is so funny that it leaves the memory in people’s heads. There is evidently more political satire in democratic countries than in authoritarian regimes according to Leonard. This is because of the freedom of expression that exists in these democracies. In reference to my question above, it is true that political satire can help in fighting vices in political systems, but the challenges are overwhelming. According to Freeman (2009), throughout history, the political jester can speak truth to power even though there is always censorship of some sort in this industry. This has made it difficult for the satirists to run their shows without restrictions by the authorities in th eir countries. Another challenge that satirists face is the problem in finding and holding an audience since many people dislike like politics. More often, therefore, these shows tend to incorporate other jokes about cultures, personalities or ethnic groups’ social issues into their shows so that they can attract people’s attentions. The negative attitude that people have towards satirists also hinders their work of fighting political vices through comedy. According to the Lake Victorian caricaturist and essayist Mac Beerbohm, a satirist is a person laying about lustily to hurt or injure those who according to him should be hurt and injured (Freedman 2009, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since no one likes to be ridiculed, political satire has often been labeled as a dangerous and uncomfortable field since the people one makes fun of may decide to sue them or pose a threat to their lives. Many US satirists believe that president Bush deserved to be hurt and injured. They, therefore, went ahead to scorn and ridicule him on their comedy shows. Zerubavel gives an example of a satirist, who mocks an emperor by telling him that he is either blind, or the emperor is naked† (2006 p. 73). According to Freedman (p. 14), other targets for satire are Bill Clinton (the sex scandal) and George Bush (his leaders). Different people react to satire different. While some will choose to laugh at the jokes and even appear at the shows, others get angered and cut off offending passages on the newspapers or ban the TV show and imprison or penalize the satirists. In the 1920s, for example, the Soviet Union, imprisoned Philipon and his colleagues and their magazines banned for satir ically criticizing the government. There is another challenge of maintaining the momentum in comedy shows. Satirists have to look for fresh jokes keep their audience entertained. This seems to be the biggest challenge for satirists since the audience is the most powerful person in their work. They thus need to carry out thorough research for them to reach a desired audience and get their attention. Some of the Key Concepts that should be considered in order to overcome these challenges are as follows; Censorship- Hartley (p. 38) defines censorship as the control of published content by official agencies in order to discipline the populations and render any dangerous thoughts and desires docile. It is thus essential for satirists to analyse their government systems and program their show in a way that they will speak up against the vices, but in a soft way to avoid censorship. Communication- this is a meaning generating interaction between two systems or organisms by means of mutuall y recognizing signals (Hartley, p. 49). Satirists design and present their jokes with the intention of passing information. This information could concern corruption in the government, the high cost of living or nepotism in the civil service. Text is anything that represents, expresses or communicates speeches, poems or programs. The text in satirical programs stands for the message that the producer wants to pass to the audience. The Celebrity- The person that speaks at a show will affect the way a message is received. The public reaction to a joke or mockery will significantly depend on whom that person is. Celebrities in this case always have an upper hand to charm the audiences than regular people. The reason behind this is that already they have a fan base hence they just need to tickle them a little for them to burst into laughter. Many people will attend a satirical show hosted by Chris Rock than one hosted by an unknown person. Audience- Watson Hill (p. 16) state that an au dience is the receptors of messages sent. For a show to be successful, the producer should consider creating a content that will fit the audiences. Gender, academic level, religious background and language, will determine the approach to take in their presentation. Context- Hartley (p. 61) defines context as the environment where we make a presentation. Political satire is not advisable in a country that is experiencing violence due to political difference since this will fuel violence. In 2008 Republican John McCain and his wife were victims of political satire during a talk show called The View, hosted by five female presenters. The hosts saw that environment as the perfect opportunity for them to mock the presidential aspirant for approving of a message on advertisements that were propaganda campaigns against his opponent, Barrack Obama (Jones 2010, p. 3). This action signifies how democracy may turn around and hurt the same people who defend it through satire. This is evidently the reason behind strict restrictions by authoritarian governments on satirical programs. Media- is any means of transmitting information according to Danesi (2009). For comedy shows to reach their target audiences, the producers should choose their media correct. Comic shows have adopted with the changes in media trend well. According to Kellner, mainstream media processes information, events and news as media spectacle (2009). It is this power of the media that has taken these shows to facebook, twitter, YouTube and MySpace. These innovations have led to the work of writers like Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises) to be translated into films (Hay 2011, p. 24). Women have also decided to join the field of political satire as writers, cartoonists or performers. Maureen Dowd and Molly Ivins are among the noticeable number of women who have made their names as satirists (Freedman 2009, p. 2). It is vital for both private and government institutions to support satirists carry out their self -imposed role of being watchdogs. This avenue could also grow to create employment opportunities to the youths. Reference List Boler, M Turpin, S 2008, â€Å"The daily show and crossfire: Satire and Sincerity as Truth to Power†, in Megan, Boler, Digital Media and Democracy: Tactics in Hard Times, MIT Press, USA. Danesi, M Berger, A 2009, Dictionary of Media and Communication. M.E Sharpe Inc, New York, USA. Freedman, L 2009, The Offensive Art: Political Satire and Its Censorship around the World from Beerbohm to Borat, Greenwood publishing group, London UK. Hartley, J 2011, Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts, 4th Ed. Routledge, London, UK. Hays, P 2011, The critical reception of Hemingway’s The Sun also rises. Camden House, New York, USA. Jones, J 2010, Entertaining Politics: Satirical Television and political engagement, 2nd ed. Rowland Littlefield Publishers Inc, Maryland, USA. Kellner, D 2009, â€Å"Media Spectacles and Media Events: Some Critical Reflections†, in N. Couldry et al, Media Events in Global Age, Routledge, London, UK. McClennen, S 2011, America According to Colbert: Satire as Public Pedagogy, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, USA. McIntyre, P 2011, â€Å"Popular Music: Creativity and Authenticity† in Creativity and Cultural Production: Issues for Media Practice, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Peterson, R 2008, Strange Bedfellows: How Late-Night Comedy Turns Democracy into a Joke, NJ, USA. Watson J Hill A. 2012, Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies, 8th ed. Bloomsbury Academic, London UK. Zerubavel E. 2006, Elephant in the Room: Silence and Denial in Everyday Life, Oxford University Press NC, USA This essay on Satire as a Tool for Fighting Political Impunity was written and submitted by user Charleigh Guthrie to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark Essay Example

The Gold The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark Essay The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark Essay Essay Topic: Literature The character of Nak is born into a life of hardship and there are many things that make his life seem anything but lucky. The environment of the country that Nak lives in and depends on is difficult and hostile. Early morning it is freezing cold the morning cold had pierced his bones but by mid day the sun is so hot it is hard just to work outside the sun blazed, he knew it meant giddiness and sunstroke, Nak relies on the land and so the harsh climate does not make it easy. Nak as a rice farmer relies on the earth and his crops but his environment makes this another hardship, the land is stricken with drought, want, disaster and death the fields are completely starved of water cracks of the parched earth this must make it extremely difficult to bring in enough food to feed his family which relies on him. We are shown Naks frustration at this angry at the weather capable of such endless torture Naks poverty makes his living conditions also harsh, the food they eat frogs with morning rice is very basic and must be monotonous and boring. But there is no money for Nak to spend on food, youre poor so they rely on what can be found around his home land snail or razor clam he would take these as well this diet must not be very healthy. The lack of modern medicine available to Nak must make his life seem very unlucky. He has to rely on faith healers and herbalists without antibiotics, vaccinations or any other the treatments for illness we would take for granted. Naks treatment from the deputy district officer, the authority, is disrespectful, snobbish and rude, the deputy district officer raised his fat face to stare at him for a moment then when spoke to he is insulted Idiot him and the others waiting to see the deputy are made to wait an hour outside like unworthy subjects. This behaviour from the government Nak must feel is a last hope for him and his family must be extremely de-motivating and must make Nak feel himself like he is born to suffer, youre at the end of your tether and you turn to the authorities only to be put down The final straw for Nak is having to leave is son in a state where he could die any moment, we see the sons good relation ship with his father, Pa, heres another one. Pa and when the snake bit Naks sons hand he carried his child this shows how much Nak loved his son. Nak is then faced with an awful decision to make, to stay with his dieing son and face jail if you dont go, you simply go to jail or leave his son, who could die at any moment. For Nak to make this decision is cruel and extremely unlucky, the timing of the government offering the money for families with five or more children and his son suffering a snake bite can only be seen as anything but lucky. Nak makes the harsh decision to leave his son in a critical condition to receive the money, which itself was very difficult, cant you see my boys gasping out his life? How can I go? He cried this shows Naks desperation and anger at the events. When Nak returns he finds his son dead. one more day and youd be out of two hundred baht although we do not find out Naks reaction to this, we know how much Nak cares for his son, and the final death of his son was surely heartbreaking. In conclusion, there are so many things which make Naks life anything but lucky; the environment he lives in, his poverty, hardship, treatment, living conditions, and most importantly the death of his son. All these reasons could easy make you believe the view that Nak was born to suffer.

Definition and Examples of Pro-Verbs in English

Definition and Examples of Pro-Verbs in English In English grammar, a proverb is a type of substitution in which a verb or verb phrase (such as do or do so) takes the place of another verb, usually to avoid repetition. Modeled on the term pronoun, pro-verb was coined by Danish linguist Otto Jespersen (The Philosophy of Grammar, 1924), who also considered the functions of pro-adjectives, pro-adverbs, and pro-infinitives. The grammatical term pro-verb shouldnt be confused with the literary and rhetorical term proverb, a concise statement of a general truth. Examples and Observations In its . . . auxiliary use, the relation of do to verbs is similar to that of pronouns to nouns: You could call do in this function a proverb. (34a) We want that trophy more than they do.(34b) Ill taste your raw-beet casserole if Fred does. In the first example, do stands for want that trophy, and in the second, does substitutes for tastes your raw-beet casserole. - (Thomas P. Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz, and Angela Della Volpe, Analyzing English Grammar, 5th ed. Pearson Education, 2007) Animals suffer as much as we do. -(Albert Schweitzer) A child needs respect as do we adults. -(Zeus Yiamouyiannis, Subverting the Capitalist Model for Education. Educating Tomorrows Valuable Citizen, ed. by Joan N. Burstyn. SUNY Press, 1996) Yes, sure, I like it. I really do. -(Robert Stone, Damascus Gate. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1998) Havent you heard? She thinks Im talented, I said dryly. I thought you did, too. - (V.C Andrews, Dawn. Pocket Books, 1990) Why, I must confess that I love him better than I do Bingley. -(Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, 1813) I love him better than I do you and all I hope is that you will find someone that will suit you as well as he does me. -(Ruth Karr McKee, Mary Richardson Walker: Her Book, 1945) No one knows better than I do, or can appreciate more keenly than I can, the value of the services you have rendered me and the satisfactory results of your friendly interest in me. -(John Roy Lynch, Reminiscences of an Active Life: The Autobiography of John Roy Lynch, ed. by John Hope Franklin. University of Chicago Press, 1970) [I]ts extremely difficult to narrate something like, say, a murder or rape in first-person present tense (though quite a few of my students have tried). Doing so often leads to unintentionally comic sentences. -(David Jauss, On Writing Fiction: Rethinking Conventional Wisdom About the Craft . Writers Digest Books, 2011) Pro-verb Do as a Responsive The use of the proverb do as a responsive is so productive that it occurs even when do does not appear in the preceding allocution as in (19): (19) A: Well, you remember, say, the troubles round here you know {}(19) B: Yeah, I do.(Ulster 28) In example (19) the pro-verb do rather than the lexical verb remember is employed. Based on this evidence, it is therefore inaccurate to say that what is being echoed or repeated in the responsive is the verb of the preceding allocation. Clearly, it is the pure nexus or the pro-verb do (the nexus marker) rather than the predicate remember that is being repeated. -(Gili Diamant, The Responsive System of Irish English. New Perspectives on Irish English, ed. by Bettina Migge and Mire NÃ ­ Chiosin. John Benjamins, 2012) Pro-verbs vs. Pronouns I asked him to leave and he did. Did is a proverb, used as a substitute for a verb just as a pronoun is a substitute for a noun. This is intuitively very comfortable, until we take a careful look. Even though the pronoun is conceptually unmotivated it is at least morphologically motivated as a separate part of speech. But the proverb is in no way a distinct part of speech; it is just as much a verb as the verb it replaces. Now, of course, no one has said that the proverb is a distinct part of speech, yet certainly the intuitive satisfaction we get from it is directly dependent on the parallel with the pronoun, and if it werent for the pronoun the new term would never have found currency. So instead of having a coherent theory in traditional grammar, one whose parts are integrated according to well-motivated, carefully controlled principles, we have something that is built up by free association. -(William Diver, Joseph Davis, and Wallis Reid, Traditional Grammar and Its Legacy in Twentieth-Century Linguistics. Langu age: Communication and Human Behavior: The Linguistic Essays of William Diver, ed. by Alan Huffman and Joseph Davis. Brill, 2012) Style Note on Generic Do Sometimes, when writers are unable to think of the precise verb to complete a sentence, they simply plug in do; for example, They did the rumba rather than They danced the rumba. When it does not refer back to a previously used verb, do is not a pro-form. It is a generic verb, from the top of the ladder of generalization, and people often resort to using it simply because they are unable to come up with a more accurate verb, and do will suffice in most cases. Take, for example, the now popular saying, Lets do lunch. But because of its lack of specificity, do often results in lifeless sentences, and therefore writers should avoid using it (except as a pro-form of auxiliary). Used as a generic verb, do does not create textual cohesion. -(Colleen Elaine Donnelly, Linguistics for Writers. SUNY Press, 1994) Do and Happen The only members of the class of pro-verb are do and happen. These stand for any unidentified or unspecified process, do for actions and happen for events (or for actions encoded receptively, in some kind of passive form). Their occurrence does not necessarily involve an anaphoric or cataphoric reference. -(M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan, Cohesion in English. Longman, 1976)

Congestion Pricing in New York City Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Congestion Pricing in New York City - Term Paper Example Next, Congestion pricing was introduced in London in 2003 with a charge of $13 for cars entering central London. Since its introduction, traffic delays have been reduced by 26%, bus service has becomes much faster and more reliable, and many more people have taken to bicycling instead of using their cars to access central London. Further, pollutants in the air have dropped dramatically too and Co2 levels have been reduced by 15% (Transport Alternatives). Stockholm conducted a trial of congestion pricing in 2006 for 6 months and found a 20% reduction in traffic, and a 10% drop in air pollution. Following this, it was made effective in 2007 in Stockholm. Since then, Stockholm has seen a 4.5% increase in public transport ridership, an 18% reduction in traffic, 50% decrease in waiting time to enter the city, and 14-18% drop in carbon emissions (Peach). In Trondheim, Norway, the congestion pricing has helped reduce traffic congestion by nearly 10% (Zupan and Perrotta). There are several g oals that introducing congestion pricing brings to the cities. ... The charges would be applicable from 6 AM to 6PM. The charges varied from $8 for cars to $21 for trucks. The charge was payable only once per day. Certain categories of vehicles were exempt from these charges. These vehicles were transit buses, emergency vehicles, taxis, and vehicles with handicapped license plates. However, for taxis that begin, end or touch the zone a surcharge of $1 would be applicable. For payment, the drivers would have an option of paying either through an â€Å"E-ZPass† which was an electronic transponder, or through an account linked to the E-ZPass recognizable through license plate recognition systems. For people without E-ZPass, the payment could be made within 48 hours at certain specified retail outlets/via internet or phone. In comparison to congestion pricing in other countries, the amount proposed was lower ($8 for NY compared to $13 in London for example). Further, the table below shows the comparison of several other important factors in the p roposed congestion pricing in New York with the implemented congestion pricing in London. Table 1: Comparison of London and New York Congestion pricing    London (Before Implementation) New York Proposal Size of zone 8 sq miles 8,5 sq miles Area of zone as percentage of region 1,3% of greater London 0,1% of tri-state region Number of Vehicles Entry Points 174 19 People Entering Zone Each Morning >1 million 1,7 million People Entering Zone by public transport 85% 78% Vehicles Entering Zone Each Day 7 AM to 6:30 PM 315,000 500,000 Vehicles Per Hour During Four Hour Morning Peak Period 40,000 53,000 Residents in Zone 83,000 500,000 Routing around the zone Ring road available to avoid the zone Options limited for most trips Source: Zupan and Perrotta, 2003 The proposal

Assignment 2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 2 - Case Study Example The existing Infection Control Process was not using any information technology. The analysis of the current process reflected that the process was inefficient because of the fact that no information technology tool or method by the Infection Control Practitioners was being used after receiving the infection reports. The Infection Control Process was taking longer time because of different tasks which were being done manually. The reports and the patient charts were reviewed manually as the reports about infections were printed. Analysis of the Infection Control Process revealed that around 30 percent of the time of the Infection Control Practitioners was taken by the process of screening important reports and documents. Another issue with the existing Infection Control process was about the involvement of the Infection Control Practitioners in the overall notification activities. The main role in controlling the infections is of the Infection Control Practitioners, but they were not directly involved in the Infection Control process. ... During the process of improvement a whole new work flow was developed to support the Infection Control process (Christian and Fischer, 564). The notification part of the Infection Control process was not changed in the new proposal. In the proposal of new model of Infection Control process it was suggested that the link between the process of notification and the follow up process should be made more open and explicit. As a result the processes of notification and follow up were integrated together, so that the follow up process is started instantly after the process of notification about infectious diseases. This allowed to reduce the overall time consumed by the Infection Control process. Apart from this it was suggested to use the information technology and systems in order to eliminate the excessive manual work. The whole process of follow up was streamlined so that there should be proper automation because of the utilization of workflow. For this automation WFMS was integrated w ith the process. The Infection Control practitioners were able to directly access Soarain along with other IT support. This all contributed in minimizing the requirement of manual activities’. The use of information system in the process allowed larger margin of improvement because of more automation of work which in turn resulted in reduction of time consumed in the overall Infection Control process. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER IMPORVEMENT AND BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING: The new Infection Control process resulted in improving the quality and performance of the process considerably, but there is still more room for improvement. There are several factors which if modified will result in providing more efficient result. Apart from

Osmosis and Potato Chips Essay Example for Free

Osmosis and Potato Chips Essay Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi permeable membrane. An osmotic system is established when a semi-permeable membrane is placed between two solutions. In this biological systems context, osmosis is the exchange of water between the potato cell and the surrounding medium of varying sucrose concentrated solutions, with the plasma membrane being the semi- permeable membrane. Because water molecules have kinetic energy, they are constantly moving around in gaseous or liquid form, moving randomly from one place or another. The greater the concentration of water molecules in a system or solution, the greater the total kinetic energy, and the higher its water potential. This means, that as the concentration of glucose increases in a solution, the concentration of water decreases, lessening the solutions water potential, and lessening its ability to move between solutions by osmosis. Relating this to the potato chips: basically, as the concentration of glucose in each solution increases, the water in that solution is less able to move to the potato as there is a higher concentration of water in the potato chip than in the highly concentrated sucrose solution, causing water from the potato to move to the solution, thereby achieving a percentage loss in mass. At concentrations such as 0.0molL-1 and 0.9molL-1, the concentration gradient is steeper; therefore the rate of diffusion is quicker. For the potato chips in the hypertonic 0.9 sucrose solution, the concentration of water molecules in the potato chip cells is greater than the water molecules in the 0.9 sucrose solution. This means that through the process of osmosis, water molecules will move from the potato cell through its semi permeable membrane and into the sucrose solution, therefore resulting in a percentage loss in mass of the potato chips as depicted by my results (a loss of XXX%), thereby justifying w hy the potato chips in the 0.9 sucrose solution being plasmolyzed. In comparison, in the hypotonic tap water solution, the tap water with no sucrose solution (0.0) will have greater water concentration compared to the potato chip, forming a steeper concentration gradient. This means that through the process of osmosis, water molecules will move from the tap water solution through the potato chip cells semi permeable membrane and into the sucrose solution resulting in the rate of water movement from the tap water solution to the cells in the potato chips to be quicker, resulting in a net percentage gain of mass  as shown by my results (a gain of XXX%), therefore justifying why the potato chips in the tap water solution became turgid. As the potato chips are placed into sucrose solutions which concentrations of sucrose are closer to the approximate isotonic range (0.1-0.2), the concentration gradient between the semi permeable membrane of the potato chip cells and sucrose solutions decreases, thereby resulting in the potato chips in the 0.1 solution having only a slight percentage mass increase while the potato chips in the 0.3 sucrose solution having a lower percentage mass loss compared to the potato chips in the 0.9 sucrose solution over the approximate 24-hour period. In the living cell, both the cell wall and plasma membrane determine the permeability of the cell, but the latter of the two is the least permeable of the two. The ability of a substance to pass through these barriers is known as the permeation of the substance. Since not all substances may pass into or out of the cell, the cell surface is known as selectively permeable or as a semi permeable membrane. The semi permeability varies from cell to cell and under certain conditions. A solution in which the concentration of sucrose is greater than that inside the cell is called a Hypertonic solution and will cause a cell to become plasmolyzed. An example of this in my results is the test at 1 molar. In other words, it becomes dehydrated and loses water through plasmolysis. If the concentration of the sucrose solution outside the cell is less than that inside the cell, this means that the solution is Hypotonic to the cells of the potato chip. The water will diffuse into the cells, making it turgid. This would explain why potato chips put into a solution of 0 molar seemed very firm compared to the potato chip used for 1 molar, this was because the cells of the potato had lost their turgor, and had become flaccid. To conclude this, I can say that the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is affected by concentration of glucose solution, or by any other solution. The higher the concentration of glucose solution, the potato chip will have a net percentage loss in mass.

Eight Artists Address Brown v. Board of Education :: Art Exhibit

Social Studies: Eight Artists Address Brown v. Board of Education I ignore the first room, there is an African American, I assume a student, listening to his c.d. player and taking notes of the first few photographs. I am overwhelmed by this illuminating neon glow, and continue into the next room. I find that I am alone, for the most part, but I am being watched. Literally by a security camera in the southeast corner, but mostly by the oversized photographs and paintings. I feel uncomfortable and I almost want to leave, but there’s a paper that I need to write and I want to revisit some things. Something catches my eye on the northeast wall and I am reintroduced to 3 chromogenic prints from Carrie Mae Weems’s â€Å"For Roses, for Daisy,† from Days Long Forgotten. The first and last are a close aerial view of roses. I can’t tell what color they are because the photos are in black and white, but they’re still beautiful. The middle picture is somewhat larger; there are two African American children. They’re sharing a tight space, but seem to be comfortable with each other. I ask myself why Weems used black and white film, and the only thing I can think of is that the roses, no matter what their colors, are beautiful. And the children are human, which is a beauty in itself. I come to the conclusion that there isn’t a certain race that is more beautiful than another. I am white, and that is beautiful. I have friends from all sorts of ethnic backgrounds, and they are beautiful as well. I decide not to read any of the authorâ⠂¬â„¢s bios or explanations in the brochure I picked up until the end. I guess I’m afraid of judging the works before I even take a chance to look into them myself. In time a read that â€Å"For Rosa, for Daisy,† â€Å"forgoes the imagery of struggle in favor of a pastoral iconography of flowers and children†¦ [The photos] offer an idyllic world of private beauty and repose that contrasts with the public record of strife and oppression† (O’Brien, 5). In her series â€Å"May Days Forgotten† she photographs the girls inside of nature, sometimes in floral prints. I find that her ideas to combine the aspects of natural beauty, from the girls to the flowers and to nature, are breathtaking.

Disadvantages of Foreign Aid

An evaluation of Blackberry Company’s implementation of TQM Done by: Sanad F Jumean 1 Table of contents: _ Introduction——————————————————3 _ Continuous improvement————————————-4 _ Employee involvement—————————————-4 _ Customer focus————————————————–5 _ Conclusion——————————————————–6 _ References—————————————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€œ7 2 IntroductionBlackberry is a brand that was created by research in motion (RIM) which is a global leader in wireless innovation, the mobile industry was revolutionized with the introduction of blackberry solution in 1999, blackberry offers a variety of products and services targeting both business customers as well as individual customers, most of its products are smart phones that have the ability to send and receive push e-mails and instant massages with a high level of security , it helps its customers connect more easily with the world regardless of the place, blackberry devices can also be used as personal digital assistants, portable media players, and internet browser, the blackberry internet service is available in 91 countries around the world on over 500 mobile service operators. Blackberry’s goal and vision statement is to provide solutions for the worldwide mobile communications market, including the software that allows the BlackBerry Smartphone to p rovide mobile access to e-mail, applications, media and the Internet. Through the development of integrated hardware, software and services that support multiple wireless network standards, blackberry provides platforms and solutions for seamless access to time-sensitive information including e-mail, phone, text messaging (SMS and MMS), Internet and intranet-based applications. 3Continuous improvement: Blackberry Company listens to its customers through votes on its website, feedbacks, and surveys throughout the world. Blackberry has a policy that translates those feedbacks into their routinely two month’s software updates. Software updates include improving their current software’s that are being used by customers and adding new features that come up to the developers through customer feedback process and brainstorming of developers. Security measures are a major concern for blackberry; improvements to the software include such security measures that are most importan t to business people who operate their work on their devices.Continuous improvements in Blackberry Company is not limited to its software but also includes the body of the device, those improvements are mainly based on the previous shape of the same series of the device and reviews from users of the same series phone. Continuous improvement can also be seen in blackberry’s emphasis on continuously training their employees and making sure that they have the necessary skills and specialties to compete in the market, as well as continuously evaluating their performance and determining what needs to be improved. Employee involvement Blackberry Company have 250,000 developers throughout the world, those developers come up with different ideas about developing, improving, and producing a new product. They try to align their ideas through meetings, and then they present the conclusion of their ideas to the top management.If the top management gives the approval to the new ideas of t he developers they apply their new ideas and creations through translating these ideas into products and services. During this stage the rest of the employees receive updated e-mails during every stage of producing the new product to have an overview about the product for the sake of answering customer’s wonders. 4 Customer focus: Blackberry Company is mainly addressing business people in their device but at the same time they still focus on individuals willing to use their products or services. As previously discussed blackberry has various methods in keeping touch with their current customers and new potential markets.After evaluating the feedbacks whether positive or negative, the data gathered is then analyzed and grouped in the form of useful information and knowledge that can be used to keep their products and services up to date. Because customers are the main asset for blackberry, most of the useful information gathered is actually taken into consideration by employee s and developers and translate it effectively to their new or updated product or service. To support our earlier discussion on customer focus, blackberry has awarded an employee that has applied their strategy through engaging customers in all of its research and development process, either as source of innovation, as a part of the product testing program in the redesign of the operational process. This award is called â€Å" Blackberry customer focus award†. 5 Conclusion:It’s important for different types of organizations to continuously evaluate how well they implement TQM, taking into consideration the major effects of implementing TQM on the organization’s performance and its position in the market related to its competitors, however, although blackberry company pays considerable attention on implementing TQM properly, focusing on important factors such as employee empowerment, customer focus, and continuous improvement, it has to do more efforts in certain areas such as employee empowerment by giving its employees the chance to be part of the production process rather than just sending them updated e-mails during every stage of producing the new product or service. 6 References _ http://us. blackberry. com _ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/BlackBerry _ Interviews with Mr. Mike Mefleh Blackberry Product Manger- Middle east. 7

Cigarettes

This, perhaps, is the most and only logical reasoning behind the lasting Of the cigarette industry. However as the product develops and more information is exposed to the public, calls to end the public distribution of cigarettes have grown louder and spread into the world of politics more and more prominently (Strobe). In order to help improve the health of people and to abide by moral standards, cigarettes should be legalized. When cigarettes were first introduced, they became extremely popular, primarily due to the addictive traits of the chemicals in the smoke.However, his had been a time before further research revealed an astounding number of other harmful chemicals within each cigarette, including components found in rat poison and house cleaning agents. Furthermore, not many had known of the existence of tar and nicotine, which cigarettes are known to create and contain a lot of, respectively. Tar build up is now commonly known to be a leading cause of health problems in ciga rette users, and nicotine is known as the addictive, artery-sealing leading component in cigarettes. Even further than the harm being done to smokers, second-hand smoke is also an absurdly active health problem.The effects of second hand smoke are exemplified by the fact that the damage done by this source IS done to non- smokers, punishing those who chose not to use cigarettes. Banning cigarette use will undoubtedly increase the overall health of the American people, even if the former smokers believe they are suffering. Another point to be observed in the existence of cigarettes as a commercial product is the moral aspect of it. Tobacco companies are completely aware of all the health risks imposed on smokers, yet they merely see their customers as income.Tobacco companies intentionally use extremely toxic chemicals simply to increase the addictive qualities of their product, completely disregarding the value of human life for the value of their economic sustainability. Advertisin g by tobacco companies are also morally wrong, as recently it has been observed that certain advertisements are meant to target younger groups. This is meant as a marketing strategy, as getting younger customers â€Å"hooked† means a longer lasting stream of income from a large group of individuals. This is yet another example of the inhumanity displayed y tobacco companies.While their industry is not the only example of a disregard for human health for economics, it is definitely one of the more prominent in today's society. To take one step in a positive direction to address the â€Å"risk anything for the economy† attitude, cigarettes should be legalized. The one positive that may have resulted in the formation of cigarettes is that the economy does, in some portion, rely on these large industries for a source of international wealth. However, the economy should not take a front seat over the well-being of the populations.Also, the existence of these massive commerc ial industries are restricting the legalization process of far more beneficial alternatives, such as cannabis, or marijuana. Because of the fear of losing revenue, tobacco companies have attempted for some time to prevent the legalization of marijuana, which is known to have several positive effects and very few negatives. The existence of tobacco corporations effectively prevents further processes to allow use of this beneficial plant, in addition to lowering the cost to arrest those that possess marijuana.Therefore, the one positive created by the existence of the tobacco industry has created even more negatives. Due to the overwhelming health detriments and lack of morality, cigarette use should indeed be banned. The existence of the tobacco industry has created a multitude of problems, including the closing of doors leading to brighter alternatives. This opinion is also spreading among the popular opinions of those in control of the media, further supporting the case that cigare ttes are obviously poison, both literal and figurative.

Campus Involvement essays

Campus Involvement essays Once again, as the fall semester rolled around this school year, I was busier than the previous year. I have always been involved in student life, and each semester since I have attended Lee, my involvement seems to grow, as do I. My first semester, I was a senate member in the Student Leadership Council (SLC), and I played intramurals. The next year, I was a cabinet member of the SLC. I was stretched beyond belief compared to my previous leadership experiences, but I was very happy. This year, once again I am involved more than ever and being stretched more than ever as I am the Residence Director (RD) at Tharp Hall as well as a senate member on the SLC. My job is more than a student job. The job is a staff job with staff benefits. Being a RD is hard to define because the job is always changing, as am I. Being a RD includes everything from reporting maintenance requests, enforcing school rules, promoting spiritually enriching activities, to providing social activities, cr eating an academic but yet fun living environment, working through conflicts, coping with emergencies, doing reports for Marchese, Tilley, McClung, and others, doing my special duty", etc. The list grows every day. I got involved in Residential Life for several reasons. The first is that someone asked me to apply. The benefits were good so I tried it. The second reason is that I knew I wanted to be involved, but I did not know in what at the end of last year. I did not want to continue my position as Secretary for Community Service, but I did want to continue to be involved and challenged somehow. The third reason is because I was hired to encourage community service in the dorms. I really enjoy working with groups of girls, but until now I have never had the opportunity to do so formally. I feel the Lord has definitely placed me here for a reason. Since I have been a part of Residential Life as well as other leadership positions, I ha...

SAT Writing Vs. ACT English - Complete Comparison

SAT Writing Vs. ACT English - Complete Comparison SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you wondering about the difference between the ACT English and SAT Writing sections? Do you want to know how the two sections are similar? Are you trying to figure out which section would be better for you? (Or maybe you just love reading my guides?) In this article, we will compare and contrast the ACT English and SAT Writing sections. We'll compare their formats and content. Reading this post can inform your studying and help you decide whether the ACT or SAT would be a better match for you and your abilities. For a more thorough breakdown of each individual section, check out the articles about what's actually tested on ACT EnglishandSAT Writing. We'll be covering a few major points of comparison. Within test content, we'll discuss differences in the essay, multiple choice format, and multiple choice content. We'll end with advice on how you can decide which test is better for you. Essay? ACT English=No Essay You do not have to write an essay for the ACT English section. However, there is an essaythat comes in the last sectionof the ACT Plus Writing test. This essay score is NOT included in the calculation for your composite score. You can choose whether to register for the ACT (no essay) or the ACT Plus Writing. Keep in mind that some colleges require you to take the ACT Plus Writing. SAT Writing=Essay You do have to write an essay for SAT Writing. The essay will always be the first section of the SAT, and it accounts for roughly 30% of your overall SAT Writing score. The SAT Writing essay is a 25 minute persuasive essay. Even though many schools don't require SAT Writing, you have no choice in whether to take the essay or not. For more information about the SAT essay, learn about the different types of essay prompts and how to train the SAT essay. Multiple Choice Formats ACT English There is one section. You have 45 minutes to answer 75 questions. This amounts to just 36 seconds per question! SAT Writing There are two multiple choice sections. There is one 25 minute section with 35 questions and one 10 minute section with 14 questions, for a total of 49 questions. This amounts to 43 seconds per question. You may have to take an additional writing section, but then one of the writing sections will be experimental and won't have an effect on your score. Make sure to put in maximum effort on all sections because you won't know which section is the experimental one. So you're saying there's a chance!!! Types of Multiple Choice Questions ACT English In the one ACT English section, there are five passages, each of which is accompanied by multiple choice questions. Even though each passage has many questions associated with it, most questions are independent of one another and test different grammar skills. Here's what the questions look like. Mostquestions correspond to a numbered portion underlined in the passage. Some of these questions are explicitly asked and some expect you to find the best change for the underlined portion of the passage. Also, there are questions thatcorrespond to a numeral in a box in the passage. Here is an example of each type of question: SAT Writing There are three types of questions on the SAT Writing. Each question type is grouped together and the order is always the same. Improving Sentences Improving Sentences is the first question type. There are 25 total sentence improvement questions. In these questions, a portion of a sentence will be underlined and you have to decide which answer choice is the best improvement of the underlined portion. Answer choice A will be identical to the original. Here is an example: Identifying Sentence Errors The next question type is identifying sentence errors. These questions always follow sentence improvement on the 25 minute writing section, the only section in which you can find them. There are 18 total identify the error questions. In these questions, you have to choose which portion of the sentence is incorrect. Answer choice E will always be "No error". In case you were wondering, the answer is B. Paragraph Improvement The last question type is paragraph improvement. The paragraph improvement questions are always the last questions on the 25 minute writing section, the only section in which you can find them. There are 6 total paragraph improvement questions. In paragraph improvement, there are questions pertaining to improving individual sentences within a passage and questions about improving the passage as a whole. Key Similarities in Multiple Choice Content Even though the ACT English and SAT Writing sections look very different, they're more similar than not in terms of what they test at their core. You Need to Know Grammar!!! Both ACT English and SAT Writing test your knowledge of grammar and specific grammatical rules. All three question types on SAT Writing have questions related to grammar. To review the specific grammar rules thatare tested, check out these articles on grammar for the ACT and SAT. Here are examples from the ACT English and SAT Writing sections that test proper pronoun usage: ACT English SAT Writing Explanation: In the ACT example, "they" is an unclear pronoun. Every pronoun must have a clear antecedent. The correct answer is G. In the SAT example, B is incorrect because the pronoun refers to "workers". Because the antecedent is plural, you must use the plural pronoun "their" instead of the singular pronoun "his or her". You can see how the same grammar rule is tested in both tests, even though the format is different. This is typically true across most of the grammar rules tested on both tests. Writing Style Questions Beyond grammar, ACT English and SAT Writing also have questions related to writing style. Often, these questions will test your ability to make a sentence more concise or less awkward. There are SAT Writing style questions on both the sentence improvement and paragraph improvement subsections. Here are examples of style questions from both ACT English and SAT Writing: ACT English Explanation: Due to the word "maybe", "might possibly" is unnecessary and redundant. The correct answer is J. SAT Writing Explanation: "That" is unnecesary. To make the sentence more concise and less awkward, the correct answer is C. Pleasure reading Organization Questions Both the SAT and ACT have questions related to sentence organization. Often, you will be asked where a sentence should be placed to most logically fit in a passage. In SAT Writing, the organization questions are in the paragraph improvement subsection. Here are examples of organization questions on ACT English and SAT Writing: ACT English SAT Writing Key Differences in Multiple Choice Content Despite these similarities, SAT Writing and ACT English are also different in clear ways.How you feel about each of the below can help predict which section you're likely to do better in. The SAT Focuses More on a Few Specific Grammar Rules The SAT Writing section tends to repeatedly test a limited number of grammatical rules. Perhaps the rule tested most often on SAT Writing is subject-verb agreement. Check out this question related to subject-verb agreement from an actual SAT: Explanation: In this sentence, the subject is "Prime Minister", a singular noun. However, the verb "have argued" is plural. In order for the subject and verb to agree, "have argued" should be changed to "has argued". The answer is C. In contrast, the ACT doesn't emphasize subject-verb agreement as much in its questions. More ACT Questions Related to Vocabulary and Idioms While the ACT does not test you on the hard vocabulary words that you find on the more difficult SAT sentence completion questions, there are ACT English questions that require you to know how to correctly use certain words. Also, there are a number of ACT questions that test you on your knowledge of idioms. Idioms are phrases that don't correspond with a specific rule. Idiom questions can be difficult because you need to be familiar with the exact phrases that appear on the test. Questions related to word choice and idioms also appear on the SAT Writing section, but there are more of these questions on ACT English. Here is an ACT English question that could test your vocabulary: Explanation: Here, the answer is J. Peril means danger, making the word "dangerous" redundant and thus unnecessary. This question would be very difficult if you didn't know the meaning of the word "peril". This is an example of an ACT English question about a prepositional idiom: Explanation: The correct phrase is "sat across from" so the answer is D. ACT English will test your knowledge of particular phrases and knowing which preposition to use in a given phrase. The ACT Tests More On Punctuation Roughly 10-15% of ACT English deals with punctuation. Rules regarding commas, apostrophes, semicolons, colons, parentheses and dashes can be tested on the ACT. Punctuation questions are rare on the SAT. This is an ACT English punctuation question: Explanation:The correct answer is A. The comma correctly separates an independent from a dependent clause. Answer choice B would create a sentence fragment. Answer choice C incorrectly uses a semicolon, which should separate two independent clauses. Answer choice D is a comma splice. These types of questions are very common, which makes clear that the ACT believes understanding punctuation usage is important for mastery of writing. Most of the questions related to punctuation on the SAT Writing have to do with run-on sentences. You should know the general rule that a semicolon can correctly separate two complete thoughts whereas a comma cannot. Who doesn't love punctuation? More ACT Questions Involve Reading Comprehension ACT English has two types of questions thattest your reading comprehension: strategy and organization questions. Strategy questions ask you to determine the effect of adding, deleting, or revising sentences from a passage. Other strategy questions ask you to judge the relevance of statements within the context a specific passage. Organization questions test how well you can organize ideas and sentences within a passage. Here is an example of an ACT English strategy question: Explanation:In order to get this question right, you have to understand the purpose of the sentence given its placement within the passage. Here, the author is providing evidence showing that people can be friendly on the subway. The correct answer is H. Paragraph improvement questions in SAT Writing also contain strategy and organization questions, but there are far fewer of these types of questions on the SAT. The ACT English Sentence Is More Likely to be Correct More ACT English questions have a correct "NO CHANGE" answer than SAT Writing questions have a correct "No error" answer. Generally, only about 10% of the SAT Writing identify the error questions can correctly be answered with "no error". Similarly, only about 10% of sentence improvement questions can correctly be answered by not changing the sentence at all (answer choice A). Meanwhile, on the ACT English section, the correct answers tend to be distributed roughly evenly between all answer choices. This can help influence your guessing strategy when you have no idea what the answer is. Which Is Better For You The million dollar question is figuring out whether you'll do better in SAT Writing or ACT English. If you're having major problems with this section on either test, then it might be holding your composite score down. Ifyou change to the other test and it's a better fit, you might be able to raise your composite score. General Tips Since SAT Writing relies more on knowledge of a few specific grammatical rules, those who are able to learn and understand those rules may prefer the SAT. We'll be covering more of the rules that appear more often on the SAT in an upcoming article. In my opinion, possessing an intuitive grasp of English, meaning knowing what â€Å"sounds right† may be more beneficial for ACT English.The SAT Writing intentionally makes sentences sound awkward, even when they’re correct, just to test your knowledge of grammatical rules.If English is not your first language, you may prefer SAT Writing because it relies more on specific rules and less on an intuitive grasp of English. If you’re particularly strong at reading comprehension, you may prefer ACT English because there are more questions which test your reading comprehension skills. Practice Both and Compare Your Results Instead of speculating or assuming, you can take a practice SAT Writing section and a practice ACT English section and compare your results. You may find that you score significantly higher percentile wise on one of them. Keep in mind that this is only one section of each test, and that you will also need to weigh whether you're better at SAT Math vs ACT Math, and SAT Reading vs ACT Reading. Furthermore, the ACT has a Science section to consider. Be strict about evaluating your performance. What's Next? Are you still struggling to decide if you should take the SAT or ACT? Read this article to help you make the decision. Also, find out how to improve your SAT Writing score. Better yet, learn how to get a perfect SAT Writing score. Did you know that ACT Writing is changing? Learn about the new enhanced ACT Writing test. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Music Industry and Copyright Issue in The Digital Phase Essay

The Music Industry and Copyright Issue in The Digital Phase - Essay Example Warner Music Group captures 27% of market share, which makes it the 2nd largest in the world. Sony Music Entertainment captures 14% of the world market share after it formed Sony/BMG following a merger with Bertelsmann, which was later dissolved in 2008 with Sony now operating as Sony Corporation’s subsidiary. EMI, which is based in the UK, has a 5% market share and is the smallest of the major record labels. While these four record labels dominate the music industry, there are independent companies that require mention. These companies include Koch, EDC, Zomba, Edel Music, and Bad Boy Entertainment (Morton & Koufteros, 2008: p502). Nature of Problem Over the last decade, the recorded music industry has been shrinking. Although it has been shrinking, consumption of music is higher than it was ten years ago, especially led by technological advances and new models of business. Every major record label has reported losses on a consistent basis over the last decade and, unless the re is a radical action, the trend is unlikely to stop (Altschuller & Benbunan-Fich, 2009: p52). Sales of physical CDs have declined to half of what they approximately were in 2000 with sales of digital music on the internet unable to cover for this particular decline. Revenue fell by 6.2% in 2010 as digital music sales expanded physical CD sales fell, and music piracy on the internet was made worse by consumer sentiment and poor economic conditions. Since the late 90s and early 2000s, technology has had a major effect on most industries. Illegal file sharing and the advent of MP3 technologies has had a negative effect on their revenues and is now regarded the beginning of the music industry’s decline (Altschuller & Benbunan-Fich,... This "The Music Industry and Copyright Issue in The Digital Phase" essay outlines how the Internet has changed music business. New services that were earlier unavailable to the consumer because of technological limitations have now become viable revenue streams, although they are not viable. The new products and services created for the music consumer include mobile services, streaming services, subscription services, and digital downloads (Mertens, 2010: p665). Digital downloads have accounted for approximately 50% since 2010, of total music sales, which is representative of more than 60% of the total business on the digital platform. Currently, iTunes is the major player in this market, which accounts for approximately 70% of worldwide sales of digital distribution. At a price of $0.99 compared to $13 for physical sales, this has had a negative impact on revenues. Subscription services give the music consumer the option of getting as much music as they want during purchase. The mus ic consumer will pay the service provider a fee in exchange for the ability to listen, as well as download the number of tracks they wish. However, this model is disadvantageous to the consumer since; even though, they pay a fee for this music they do not have ownership of the music once the subscription expires (Mertens, 2010: p665). Major players in this sector include Rhapsody and Napster. Streaming services, while offering the consumer the ability to listen to the music they want drastically reduces the revenues of the music companies.

Comparing the 1962 Version of The Manchurian Candidate with the 2004 Essay

Comparing the 1962 Version of The Manchurian Candidate with the 2004 version - Essay Example The movie-making industry is inseparable from the political and historical conditions, in which it operates. Even fantastic movies and horrors cannot escape the dramatic influence of historical and political realities. The Manchurian Candidate was first created in 1962. Featuring Frank Sinatra, the movie was a compound product of multiple historical, social, and technical influences. The fear of Communism, the rapid spread of McCarthyism, and the Cold War altogether contributed to the development of a sophisticated vision of war, which, taking place thousands of miles from the American continent, profoundly alters the American political landscape. On the social background, an evolutionary nature of a social role a woman plays in the society is evident. At first, in the version of 1962 year, the main character was a manipulative woman, but there was no essential political influence of this heroine. In the version of 2004 year, this character becomes a Senator. Therefore, it is clearly seen that social factor has contributed greatly to the social accents set in the new version of the film. Moreover, there is a lack of sensual transfer of intimate relations between the main characters. Thus, for example, Lansbury’s character kissing Shaw inspires the audience and creates a romantic atmosphere. In the modern version there is no such kind of a romantic aura between the characters. Political Differences-The concept of â€Å"fear† is integrative for both films. Two great powerful machines that are consuming contemporaries are presented with the same powerful manner: in the first version of the film there is an atmosphere of fear in the face of communism and in the second film the characters are afraid of being absorbed by a powerful corporate machine. Therefore, it is evident that historical events and periods of films’ creation influenced the main conceptual framework of both film versions. The influential and powerful factor of fear in the face of communism (in 1962 version) was substituted by another fear factor in the version of 2004. Another political factor that is rather controversial in the modern version is the way assassination is represented. A great emphasis is made on a â€Å"programmed nature† of assassinator’s mind. At this point we can see an intricate interconnection between political and technological factors. This i nterpretation of assassination is justified in the modern version as it is strongly backed up by the modern technological developments. Moreover, another explanation is provided. The matter of natural/unnatural changes of human behavior is explained in terms of technological advancements or as a result of mental disorders. This director’s intention can be interpreted in the following way: whether modern technologies are able to re-program human mind or not, the latter would be either way perverted by his own psycho. The Manchurian Candidate (1962) is probably one of the brightest and memorable products of the American moviemaking industry. Featuring Frank Sinatra, The Manchurian Candidate is a movie, where â€Å"the stepson of a presidential candidate turns out to have been a prisoner of war who underwent interrogation at the hands of Chinese communists† (Delgado 23). The soldier is brainwashed and programmed to assassin a Presidential Candidate.

Human Trafficking Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Trafficking Case Study - Research Paper Example Men are also very susceptible for trafficking. They are mainly trafficked by worldwide criminal organizations. There are several cases in which human trafficking takes place. Some of the cases are whereby people are convinced into going to other countries with the promise of getting better jobs and comfortable lives. Mostly, it always turns out to be untrue. This context discusses hundreds of workers from Thailand being promised high wages by the California based company named Global Horizons Inc and instead paying them little to nothing while treating them like scum, taking their passports on arrival and threatening deportation (Bureau of National Affairs, 2007). Human trafficking is one of the most dangerous forms of discrimination. Thailand experiences major challenges as a source, passage and destination country on human trafficking mainly women and children. The tendency of trafficking for enforced labor is rising in level in the agricultural, construction and fishing organizati ons. Human trafficking is a modern correspondent of slavery (Crawford, 2009). Opposing their will, thousands of people around the globe are enforced to work for the benefit of other people. For instance by becoming beggars, prostitutes, working in sweatshops, unintentional servitude or even turning into child soldiers. People that are trafficked are usually enslaved or in circumstances of debt oppression that are deceitful and oppressive. Traffickers will carry away or mistreat the fundamental human rights of their victims, who most possibly have been tricked and enticed by fake promises or physically enforced into their circumstances. Trafficking is a regular practice to convince people to leave their homes and move to neighboring countries that are wealthier where they can work in services like domestic services, adult care or waiter and waitresses in restaurants. Upon advent, their passports, visa, and return permits are taken away from them, efficiently; these people are impriso ned, either bodily or financially or psychologically. The trafficked people are made to labor as household slaves or as agricultural or industrial unit workers, in slave-like circumstances. The trafficked people virtually do not see their money that they earn, and finally they are sold. Because every person wants to have a good life, people get easily lured when being promised a good life, which in turn never comes to be true and instead they turn out to be slaves when they are taken to the foreign countries. Once passports and other legal documents are taken from these people, they become helpless since they are threatened in several ways. There are various causes for human trafficking. People around the world, benefit in satisfaction and in price of mistreating others. Poverty and worldwide inequalities in the rule of law are situations in which human trafficking, like HIV/AIDS and other killers of the underprivileged, thrives. In regions of the world that are poorer where learnin g and employment chances are inadequate, are the most susceptible in society. Runways, immigrant, or people who are displaced are the most frequent sufferers of human trafficking. People who are looking for chances and access to other countries may possibly be taken by traffickers and deceived into believing that they will be liberated subsequent to being smuggled across the boundary. Global Horizons Inc is farm labor contractor which is Beverly Hills California based. Global Horizons is challenged to have engaged in a pattern or performance of

Why do people play computer games

Why do people play computer games Video and computer games, like many popular, entertaining and addicting kid activities are looked down upon by many parents as time-wasters, and worse, parents think that these games rot the brain. Also, the media and some experts readily blame violent video games as the reason why some youth become violent or commit extreme anti-social behavior. But many scientists and psychologists find that video games actually have many benefits. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skill that they will need in the future. Video games give your childs brain real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at the school. Some of the mental skills trained by video games include hand-eye coordination, fine motor and spatial skill. In shooting games, the character may be running and shooting at the same time. This requires the real-world player to keep track of the position of the character, where he/she is heading, their speed, where the gun is aiming, if the gunfire is hitting the enemy, and so on. All these factors need to be taken into account, and then the player must then coordinate the brains interpretation and reaction with the movement in their hands and fingertips. This process requires a great deal of eye-hand coordination and visual-spatial ability to be successful. Researches also suggest that people can learn iconic, spatial, and visual attention skills from video games. There have been even studies with a dults showing that experience with video games is related to better surgical skills. Also, a reason given by the experts as to why fighter pilots of today are more skillful is that the generations pilots are being weaned on video games. Sometimes the player does this almost every second of the game giving the brain real workout. According to researchers at the University of Rochester, led by Daphne Bavelier, a cognitive scientist, games simulating stressful events such as those found in battle or action games could be a training tool for real-world situations. The study suggests that playing action video games primes the brain to make quick decisions. Video games can be used to train soldiers and surgeons, according to the study. It can test your hypothesis and Inductive reasoning based to James Paul Gee, Professor of education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, he said that playing video games is similar to working through a science problem. Like students in a laboratory, gamers must come up with the hypothesis. For example, players in some games constantly try out combinations of weapons and powers to use to defeat an enemy. If one does not work, they change hypothesis and try the next one. Video games are goal-driven experiences, says Gee, which are fundamental to learning. Simulation, real world skills. The most well known simulations are flight simulators, which attempt to mimic the reality of flying a plane. All the controls, including airspeed, wing angles, altimeter, and so on, are displayed for the player, as well as a visual representation of the world, and are updated in real time. Video games introduce your kid to computer technology and the online world. You should recognize that we are now living in a high-tech, sophisticated world. Video games make your kid adapt and be comfortable with the concepts of computing. This is particularly important for girls who typically are not interested in high technology as much as boys. Video games allow you and your kid to play together and can be a good bonding activity. Some games are attractive to kids as well as adults, and they could be something that they share in common. When your child knows more than you, he can teach you how to play and this allows you to understand your childs skills and talents. Finally, and this is controversial, violent video games may act as a release of pent-up aggression and frustration of your kid. When your kid vents his frustration and anger in his game, this diffuses his stress. Games can provide a positive aggression outlet the same way as football and other violent sports. Video games also can teach important skills or address serious issues, Organizations such as Games for Change promote the use of games for education and social action, and often involve kids in the creation of games they can use to express themselves on important issues and current events. Some medical professionals, such as Doctor Kourosh Dini, also feel that age appropriate multi-player video games can allow children to learn how other people think. A key aspect of empathy. Games can also help a child become more comfortable with new and ever progressing technology. Recent studies have shown that video games can have a positive or negative effect on how players behave. Depending on the content. Pro social games can increase empathy, co-operation, helping and emotional awareness, while violent games can diminish these traits. Video games are not all violent, but most of them are, and many of them are pretty gruesome. It has been estimated that up to 89% of games contain some violent content. People are concerned that violent games might be causing young people to become violent and there is some evidence to support this. Studies have shown that violent games can increase physiological arousal, increase aggressiveness thoughts and emotions, increase aggressive behavior, and reduce helping behavior (where people become less likely to help other). These effects seem to be stronger in young people who already tend to be aggressive. It has been argued that more hostile or aggressive young people will be attracted to violent games, and that it is not the games causing the problem. However, even taking into account the persons hostility, it is clear that exposure to violent games causes increased aggressive behavior (as indicated by things like the degree to which they get into physical fights or argue with teachers). Desensitization to violence has been suggested as part of the problem. Desensitization is when someone gradually begins to feel that violence is normal. When games reward players for doing violent actions, it is easy to see how this could happen. For most teens, playing video games is just another recreational activity they enjoy with friends. The concern is when video game playing becomes an addictive or isolating activity. According to a Harris Interactive poll released in January of 2007, 23% of gamers surveyed reported that they felt addicted to video games. Some teens are heavy users of only role-playing games (RPGs) such as World of Warcraft and multiplayer games such as Call of Duty in which they interact with other players in real time. Students will often neglect schoolwork and other aspects of their daily lives when they become immersed in these games. While it remains unclear whether this can be termed an addiction, the American Medical Association has identified video game overuse as a behavior, and may include it in a future edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Children who are heavy users of video games may also be getting less exercise and develop poor eating habits. Make sure that your teen is getting outside and not snacking too much on unhealthy foods while gaming. If you are concerned about the amount of your time your teen is spending on video games, keep in mind that it is normal for young people to throw themselves enthusiastically into hobbies. Consider the effect your teens gaming is having on his or her life. People can become addicted to games. Young gamers have shown similar symptoms to people who have drug or alcohol dependence. An ability to stop playing, and withdrawal symptoms (anxiety, agitation) if they go without access to their gaming fix. Gamers also report that they play games to escape things like family or personal problems. In a similar way to people who use drugs or alcohol to escape their problems. There have been reports of adults that play so much they neglect their families. There are even support groups for family members of people with an addiction to one game in particular. Computer gaming is much maligned at times for the level of violence in some games and for the amount of time that is claims that could be put to more productive uses. Some advantages of gaming are that it has educational applications, increase visual processing of information and teaches problem solving skills. Violence in games has an unquestionable negative effect on players, making them more likely to be violent themselves, according to Craig Anderson of the American Psychological Association. He points out that experiments in the lab and in the field, and longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have all shown this to be true. The interactive nature of the games makes them more influential in teaching violence that more passive media like television or books. Time spent in front of the computer has increased fir kids 8 to 18, and media use now stands at an average of 7.5 hours per day, taking into account computers, televisions and other media, as reported in a study by the Kaiser Foundation. Much of the time is spent multitasking or combining TV and video games, for example. Half surveyed said they had a computer game console of their own on their room. In addition time spent reading has decreased. Games have educational uses, for example, teaching economic skills like negotiating and purchasing strategies, and are used in college level economics courses to do so. For example, many games allow players to accumulate points or money and then purchase things that will advance their interest in the game. These features simulate markets, and in fact can become commodities outside the game. Gaming teaches problem solving skills. Players are given a set of rules to follow and must figure out the best strategy for achieving the goals set in the gaming context. If the game has multiple players or teams, the problem solving is done in a social context, which teaches people to communicate and cooperate. Computer game addiction generally refers to an excessive, unhealthy amount of playing computer games. Rather than engaging in the real world, an addicted user devotes the majority of his or her time to gaming. The addicted gamer often isolate him/herself from others, ignores more important responsibilities, and is often obsessed with obtaining higher status/rankings/achievements in his/her favorite computer game. According to the DSM-IV (the current manual for classifying emotional, psychological, and mental disorders), No. Although there have been calls from some mental health professionals and parents to recognize computer game addiction as a real disorder, it has not been granted official diagnostic status. As more research on the effects of excessive gaming is conducted, many believe that it is only a matter of time before computer game addiction is classified as a compulsive behavior similar to gambling addiction. Because there is no official diagnosis of computer game addiction, there is obviously no universally agreed upon list of symptoms. Psychologists and other mental health professionals initially adapted the diagnostic criteria for gambling addiction and used this as a rough assessment tool for computer game addiction. This classification approach is rarely used today and for better or for worse, it is essentially up to the individual researcher or clinician to define the symptoms of computer addiction. Depending on the research methodology and the definition of computer addiction used, estimates range from 2 to 10% of all children who play video games. More accurate and consistent estimates should be possible if formal diagnostic criteria for computer game addiction are introduced. Because computer game addiction is a new development in the world of mental health, treatments are not as well established as those for depression, anxiety, anger, and etc. most interventions take a cognitive-behavioral approach, which involve changing how the addict thinks about the addiction (for example, recognizing cognitive distortions designed to convince the gamer that it is not a problem), and simultaneously changing his/her behaviors (for example, setting strict limits for play, taking care of other responsibilities before gaming, using game blocking software of devices, and etc.) treatment can take a variety of forms including: Individual therapy Individual therapy with a psychologist who specializes in treating computer game addiction or who has experience with addictions in general. Treatment is tailored to the individual player and is based on established psychological principals and interventions. Family therapy Especially if the addicted player is a child or younger teen. Computer game addiction almost always affects other family members, and the chance for recovery is increased if these members are involved in treatment and are working together toward mutually agreed upon goals. Wilderness therapy Wilderness therapy in which the addicted gamer enters an outdoor treatment program focused on survival skills, team building, goal setting, and developing self-confidence. The programs typically last at least thirty days and the participants have absolutely no access to video games and limited access to other technologies. Although somewhat similar to the symptoms of computer game addiction, the negative consequences of excessive gaming are often divided into five main categories: Social Consequences As a computer game addict spends more time gaming, he/she tends to spend less time interacting with others in person. As such, he/she may lack face-to-face human contact, experience isolation and loneliness, and the loss of friends or relationships. Academic/Career Consequences Children and teens that are addicted to computer games very often experience falling grades and decreased academic performance and dedication. Completing homework, studying for tests, and efforts during school become very low priorities. Adults who are addicted to computer games may experience a similar deterioration in work performance, job dedication, and career aspirations. Financial Consequences Adults and teens may spend large amounts of money on new games, expansion pack, micro-transaction, service fees, and computer upgrades. In extreme cases, jobs may be lost due to poor work performance, playing while at work, and frequent absences. Family Consequences Computer game addiction often leads to deterioration in family relationships. Tension and conflict between family members escalates as requests to cut back or stop are ignored. The addicted player may initially deny that a problem exists, try to hide how much he/she plays, and accuse the other of trying to control his/her life. Parents of addicted children may disagree on how to address the problem. Which may lead to frequent arguments and conflicts. Health Consequences Computer game addicts may neglect personal hygiene, have poor sleep habits, give up healthy physical activities, and may make meal decisions based on quick and easy preparation so that gaming is not interrupted rather than dietary needs. Emotional/Psychological Consequences Those addicted to computer games may experience depressed mood, low self-esteem, social anxiety, low frustration tolerance, anger, and feelings of guilt and shame for not being able to control their gaming habits. Of note, it seems likely that difficulties in other areas can cause and be caused by computer game addiction. Is computer game addiction different from video game addiction, online addiction, and Internet Addiction? Yes, because computer game addiction refers to excessively playing games on a PC. Most often these games are of the MMO (Massive Multiplayer Online) or the FPS (First Person Shooter) genre. Competing online with and against other players is a significant factor in what makes these particular genres more addictive than others. Video game addiction refers to excessive play on computer, home consoles, or handheld system. The terms Internet addiction and online addiction are occasionally used to describe computer game addiction, but more appropriately describe excessive web surfing, email checking, instant messaging, Facebook use, or downloading movies, images, or music Do you think it is okay to play computer games? Yes, most people can and do play computer games but in moderation. They play games for casual entertainment, as a way to relax, and to socialize with friends. However, there are those who are far more likely to become addicted to computer games. For these people, certain games (very often Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO)) appear to present a high risk for addiction and may need to be avoided or banned in order to prevent unhealthy gaming habits.